

| The following website article about
John
Grundy is an ongoing Heritage Group project. More webpages will be
added as further information is discovered. |
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INTRODUCTION
John Grundy (senior
& junior) were another two of the engineering pioneers who shaped
the
Heating & Ventilating industry, whose inventions during the latter
half of
the Victorian period led to dramatic improvements in the comfort levels
of the
congregations attending church services. The warm air stove
apparatus they patented was
installed in numerous ecclesiastical buildings throughout Britain. Many
of these stoves are still in use today, a tribute to their engineering
design and craftsmanship. When the Institution of Heating &
Ventilating engineers was incorporated in 1897 John Grundy jnr was
elected
to become its first President for 1898. The Heritage Group
considered it a fitting tribute to prepare this article and record
their
achievements. |
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A special thank you is given to Gordon Fishwick of Bolton Lancashire who as an ex-employee of John Grundy Ltd has been able to provide the Heritage Group with many facts, memories, drawings and photographs about the firm. All this relevant information would otherwise have remained unknown as the majority of the firms documents and drawings were removed and destroyed when the firm closed. |
| John Grundy & Family |



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John Grundy
(1807
- 1879) was a Grocer and Flour Dealer who lived
in Elliott Street, Tyldesley, near Manchester. He
attended the congregation of
Top Chapel
where he was a Churchwarden and was most concerned at the
discomfort he
felt
during
the winter, in both the Shop and Chapel. So he set about
resolving the problem and overcome
this discomfort, and after some time came up
with
an idea.
He asked permission to carry out an experiment in heating the Chapel by
using the schoolroom conveniently-sited
below the
Chapel. He erected
a central
heating apparatus by using a stove, flues, chimney and ventilators and
succeeded in warming the Chapel. To manufacture and
market the central
heating
apparatus
the company John Grundy Ltd was established in 1857 with an address in
Lower
Elliott Street
Tyldesley. To secure the
success of
the heating apparatus he applied
for and was granted Patent,
BP 2949 in 1864. He continued to
improve upon the heating apparatus,
increasing its
efficiency and effectiveness, and additional Patents were taken out in
later years.
John Grundy
died in Tyldesley on 20th March 1879 his second wife Ann having died 2
months previously in January. A monument dedicated to John
Grundy and members of his
family is sited
at the entrance to
Top Chapel in the graveyard with an inscription noting his
achievement for inventing a
method of heating for the Chapel.
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John
Grundy (1844 - 1913) was the
first son
born to John and Ann
Grundy.
By the age
of 17 in 1861 he had joined his parents in their shop, also working as
a
Grocer. However even with the establishment of the heating firm
both John
snr and John jnr continued to keep their old occupations, as the census
of 1871 still lists both of them as flour dealers.
By the 1870's the
firm had become a successful business which
was
changing
the fortunes for him and his family. It is possible that John jnr
decided the future direction and expansion for the firm should be
concentrated in London. He married a Welsh girl Mary
Davies from
Brynmawr
Breconshire
in 1878. The
census of 1881 shows that he has moved
south with his family to a larger residence in Hackney London where
their four
children Annie, Herbert, Florence and Hilda were born.
They
moved house again
later in the
1880's into a more fashionable area residing at 30
Duncan
Terrace,
City Road,
Islington London. This became his Head Office from where he controlled
and
operated
his greatly expanded business. Now calling himself a
Heating
and Ventilating
Engineer, the firm opened new show rooms and work rooms at Torrens
Street
Islington, also
393a
City Road London, and a West End branch was
opened
at 57 Wigmore Street Cavendish Square. The Grundy warm air stove heating apparatus proved a great success and was installed in several Cathedrals, and numerous Churches and Chapels throughout the country. To handle the increasing demand for this heating apparatus an iron foundry and works was built in Parr Street Tyldesley in 1886. The foundry gave the firm the ability to produce a greater range of heating equipment which now included such items as Ward Stoves, Fire-grates, cast iron pipes, fittings, radiators, ventilators and ranges.
Confirmation that his business was now very
successful
is apparent by the presentation of 27 Medals awarded to the firm at
various
exhibitions and also the numerous
testimonials written to him by satisfied Clients and
Customers after the installation of his heating and ventilating
apparatus in their building/s. From the first stoves erected in
Churches, the type of
buildings they now heated had expanded substantially to include Public
Schools,
Mansion Houses, Hospitals, Law Courts, Factories,
Warehouses,
Workhouses and Institutions. He died at his home Mountfield, Wood Lane,
Highgate, London on 27th April 1913. In his will he left the
significant sum of
£23,739 to
his three survivng children. |
| The
trade names given to the firm's various heaters are either taken from
Greek mythology or star signs. Someone in the firm was very
knowledgeable and interested in the Greek Classics. ref 1.- Hestia in Greek religion, is goddess of the hearth, daughter of Cronus and Rhea, and one of the 12 Olympian deities. In later philosophy Hestia became the hearth goddess of the universe. ref 2. - Helios is the young Greek god of the sun, and the son of Hyperion and Theia. By the Oceanid Perse, he became the father of Aeëtes, Circe, and Pasiphae.Helios was worshipped in various places of the Peloponnesos, but especially on Rhodes, where each year gymnastic games were held in his honour. |
| John Grundy jnr from his humble
start in
life proved he was a person with a vision. He saw the opportunity
following the
invention of the warm air
stove, to continue in business in the Heating &
Ventilating industry, and went on to
create and Patent other inventions providing a lifetime of
achievements. His business of manufacturing different items of
heating equipment proved very successful with
hundreds of his stoves being erected, one as far away as the Falkland
Islands, and the fact that some of his stoves are today still heating
their original buildings is a tribute to his engineering design and
craftsmanship. He was a true Victorian
entrepreneur, and made an important contribution to the H&V
industry. When the Institution
of Heating Ventilating Engineers was incorporated in 1897 John Grundy
jnr was considered a worthy engineer and candidate and was elected to
become its first president in 1898.
|
| Number
2949 25th November
1864 Apparatus
for heating
rooms or buildings Number 5594 28th March 1884 Warm air fire grate Number 7141 29th April 1889 Improvements in Apparatus for Warming currents of Cold Air Number 8455 21st May 1889 Improvements in Underground Air Warming Apparatus Number 15210 25th September 1890 Improvements in Open Fire-grates |
|
A stove having at the
top part a pipe connected by a flue to the chimney, and place the said
stove in a chamber surrounded by brickwork, earthenware, or other
suitable material, so as to allow a space between the stove and wall of
the chamber. Near the bottom of the chamber there are apertures in the
walls for the entrance of cold air to be heated by the stove when the
fuel is in a state of ignition, the upper aperatures at the top
of the chamber allow the egress of heated air, communicating with other
apartments or with the atmosphere to take off the excess.
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| The invention relates
to improvements in fire grates. In carrying it into effect, the back is
made preferably in one piece with its sides and smoke-nozzle. The smoke
flue is led up inside the chimney for some distance, and for that
distance the chimney being cut off from the flue proper, and being
placed in communication with the open air and the room to be warmed,
serves as a warming chamber. |
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Herbert
Hamilton Grundy (1880 - 1932) the only
son
of John &
Louisa Grundy,
was born
in Hackney London in
the autumn of 1880. He was Educated
at Islington High School, the Northampton
Institute and Northern Polytechnic.From 1896 - 1900
during his training he
was involved in erecting and
supervising
H&V
work, afterwards working at the Grundy Foundry in Tyldesley near
Manchester
learning foundry work and pattern making. Herbert joined the
IHVE in 1903 and presented a paper
to the Institution in 1904 titled "The Warming of Public
Buildings by the Warm Air System considered from the Hygienic Point of
View". He became President
of the IHVE for 1915 / 1916,
and gave as his presidential address a paper titled "Short
review
of
past activities".
From 1910 - 1917 he worked on the design and
manufacture of equipment for a system of electrical heating using
a method of thermostatic control. During this period he took out
several Patents
connected with his work. He developed an electrical
method of thermostatic control for equipment such as electric stoves,
immersion heaters, and control valves for steam, gas and hot water
distribution systems. Herbert patented a thermostatic apparatus for
controlling an electric motor driven fan which could be used for
heating industrial and educational buildings. He also devised a type of
remote reading thermometer. Upon the death of his father in 1913 he became
Managing Director of John Grundy Ltd. When the Great War started in 1914 John Grundy Ltd
was
placed under Government control and the firms production was then
concentrated upon the maufacture of munitions for the war effort. He died at the Great Northern Hospital Holloway,
Middlesex on the 13th May 1932 at the relatively young age
of 51. |
| Number
24162 31st October
1911 Hygrometer Number 5311 2nd March 1912 Thermostats Number 18017 3rd August 1912 Electric Heaters Number 15438 2nd November 1915 Measuring plasticity of rubber Number 110938 1917 Thermostats Number 158931 1921 Thermostats Number 205625 25th October 1923 Drying foundry moulds Number 210497 28th January 1924 Electric Heaters for use with fans |
| Most of Herbert Grundy's Patents relate to electrical appliances, the subject that occupied the majority of his inventive time. However one Patent he applied for departed greatly from all his other Patents and utilised the Grundy stove as a heater for drying cores and moulds in foundries, enamelled or Coated Articles and the like. |

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This invention
relates to electric heaters and particularly to heaters in which means
are provided for rendering the atmosphere humid when the heater is in
operation, the chief object being to provide improved means for
humidifying the atmosphere and to enable the degree of evaporation to
be varied in accordance with requirements.
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THE
FOUNDRY & IRONWORKS![]() Part of Ordnance Survey Map of Tyldesley 1908 |
![]() copyright of Wigan Heritage Service - Ref No. 367 / 16 |
![]() copyright
Wigan Heritage Service Ref No. 367 / 10
Large grinder body casting for the for The Churchill Machine Co Ltd This grinder was said to be for finishing periscope tubes for submarines. The steam traction engine was used to haul it to its destination as there were no petrol wagons powerful enough to haul a 15 ton load at the time |
| John
Grundy Ltd 1857 - 1974
(established 1857)
|
When
the link between
the Grundy family and the firm ended in 1932 with the death of Herbert
Grundy, the
firm continued with
its 60 factory and 6 staff employees to advertise and manufacture the
successful range of
heating apparatus
which carried on being installed in many more churches and other
buildings
throughout
Britain. One of the firms marketting strategies was to post
advertisement literature to vicarages listed in Crockfords Clerical
Directory. This method must have proved successful as it is estimated
that in the 110 years of the firms existence
several thousand heaters were installed.
From
the 1940's onwards in addition to the
heaters, the
foundry also took on jobbing work for the Iron
Works making a large selection of castings for items such as,

| THE GRUNDY WARM AIR STOVE |
| The Grundy warm air stove heating installation from the examples seen to date, was erected in a separate space or room that then acted as a plenum chamber for the warmed air. This warmed air was then routed away from the plenum chamber through ventilating ducts which supplied the other parts of the building, and introduced the air to the rooms and spaces through gratings or grilles fitted at floor level. Grundy warm air stoves were erected in many Cathedrals and Churches throughout the country and some of these stoves still exist today. Many of the Grundy stoves although originally designed to be solid fuel fired were readily converted to oil or gas firing during the 1900's. The main competitors of John Grundy Ltd for warm air stove installations in that Victorian time period were Haden and also the Gurney stove which by comparison was of the stand-alone type, installed within the space being heated. Whilst both the Haden and Gurney stoves ceased being installed from the early 1900's the Grundy stove was still being made and installed right up until the very early 1970's. |
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TYLDESLEY
CEMETERY CHAPEL This photo shows a very early pattern of a Grundy Warm Air stove which was removed from the Chapel and is now on display in "The Way We Were" exhibition at the Wigan Pier Heritage Centre Museum. ![]() |
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A technical description of the the Grundy warm air stove apparatus, its construction and operation is given in the book titled "Hood on Warming Buildings" by Frederick Dye (an IHVE member in the 1899 list of members) published in 1897. Relevant details of the apparatus extracted from the book are as follows. |






| An example of the plenum chamber arrangement for the installation of the warm air stove can be clearly seen in this Grundy drawing which dates from around 1890. |






| United
Reformed Church
Hadleigh Suffolk |

| One good example of
a Grundy warm air stove installation can be found in the United
Reformed Church at Hadleigh in Suffolk. The building's first
stove / heater was installed in 1890 which was subsequently removed in November
1952 and
replaced with a size 1-Large Oval Z type Hestia pattern. The stove was
later
converted to gas firing in 1983. The stove's combustion chamber in 2005 was rejointed and relined with new refractory brickwork. The gas burner was refurbished. A selection of photos showing these works is show below. |
![]() Internal base of
cleaned out stove
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![]() New refractory bricks
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![]() Refractory brickwork
during erection
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![]() Gas burner refitted
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| Much of the original correspondence between the Church and John Grundy Ltd from 1889 still exists, which includes letters, receipts and drawings and is shown below in the following webpage. |




| St
Peter's Church, Yaxley Peterborough, Cambridgeshire |
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The church of St Peter at Yaxley, just east of the Great North Road near Peterborough, Cambridgeshire has been described as "a large and noble cruciform structure of rubble with stone dressings, and consists of chancel and nave, both with clerestory, aisles, transepts, south porch and an embattled western tower, with pinnacles and octagonal crocketed spire" (Kelly’s Directory 1903). This is a basic medieval church with the typical architectural layout of side aisles and chapels and built when thermal insulation and warmth in winter simply meant extra layers of clothing should be worn. |
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Since 1966 the church
has been heated by warm air, provided by a John Grundy Igranic oil fired cast iron stove installed in a
large floor pit in the
nave, central to the building as a whole.
It is likely that this stove replaced an earlier one.
The Igranic pattern was the
largest of the
Grundy range of cast iron sectional stoves, having three flue outlets
in its
top section. At Yaxley the outlets feed
three finned economiser pipes positioned horizontally and in parallel
under the
nave floor which combine after about 3 metres to a single feed
connecting into
the vertical flue and chimney in the south transept wall. The
chimney can be seen in the exterior photograph
shown above.
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The stove and the economiser pipes are covered in the aisle by cast iron floor gratings, and the church is heated by the natural circulation of warmed air up through these gratings. Although originally some cold fresh air from the outside was fed in through pipes under the aisles, the main air circulation is now achieved using fire proof screens which stand beside the stove and flue pipes, to draw down cool air at the sides of the pit into the base of the stove. With some of the floor gratings removed the image shows the stove, economiser pipes and the screens on both sides. The stove front and the oil burner are accessed via two cast iron trap doors in the nave floor as shown in the foreground of the photograph below. |

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The three section
stove front is the typical layout for Grundy oil or gas firing with the
burner
pipe closest to the stove floor. Above it the peep hole to monitor the
flame and at the top the freely hinged ‘explosion release door’. In the top left of the photograph is the
cast iron plaque provided on most Grundy installations which gives
reference
details for repairs and renewals; in the
Yaxley case showing the stove’s serial number of 159 and the year of
installation 1966.
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| A
selection of
John Grundy Ltd advertisements and other advertising leaflets. |







|
STOVE
INSTALLATION
DATE 1966
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After a number of years in operation for any warm air stove, it becomes necessary to carry out a complete renewal of the brickwork lining to the combustion chamber, due to the deterioration of the refractory brickwork inside the chamber. This is caused by the high temperatures and flame impingement. The high temperatures created within the combustion chamber will also cause the fire cement jointing between the horizontal cast iron sections to harden, eventually crack and become dislodged. These joints will all need to be resealed to prevent the products of combustion escaping from in between the sections out into the air ducts, which supply the warmed air that heats the building. The following series of pictures show the combustion chamber of a large size Grundy warm air stove being re-bricked and the joints between each of the sections resealed. |
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Old firebricks have
been removed and the internal surfaces of the combustion chamber thoroughly cleaned |
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View through the opening for the top explosion relief door showing some of the internal joints between the sections that have been resealed using a suitable fire cement. |
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The new refractory
firebricks are placed in an
accessible position for the Service Engineer working inside the chamber
to be
able to use them for building the firebrick wall.
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Service engineer Gordon
Fishwick with the shaped
firebricks necessary to close
the gap at the front of the chamber. |
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Disappearing into
the combustion chamber to complete the building of the firebrick wall |
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Working inside the
combustion chamber (not
really suitable for
anyone suffering from claustrophobia). The cramped working space and conditions can clearly been seen. |
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Another
view showing
the restricted and cramped working space inside the combustion chamber when cementing the firebricks into position. |
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Internal view
of the completed firebrick lining. |
| John
Grundy
Ltd in the
1930's published from
their London Office a small
promotional booklet advertising "EIGHTY YEARS of
CHURCH HEATING" |

|
Many important inventions had
their origin in small beginnings, some
the outcome of local discomfort endured through the ages almost without
question.
The Grundy Warm Air system of
Heating is a case in point. Until the
advent of Mr John Grundy, cold feet were considered a natural
accompaniment
to public worship, a discomfort almost inseparable from Churchgoing in
Winter.
Indeed the radiant heat of the congregation assisted by that of a
solitary stove
was the only source of heat in most buildings.
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The awakening took
place when Mr John Grundy - a warden of Tyldesley Chapel, near
Manchester- decided that something must be done about it. He
devised a scheme of central heating
for his Church, distributing heat to all parts of
the building. This novelty so successful
that it attracted the attention of the Clergy of
neigbouring parishes, eager for like
amenities.
So
insistent was the demand, that Mr Grundy, realising that there was a
great future for his discovery if he cared to exploit it, at once
accepted the
invitation from othe Churches and founded the firm of JOHN GRUNDY LTD,
soon to become a household word in the heating world. Orders for the
Grundy warm air
central heating system positively rained in; applicants had to wait
their turn, orders
being attended to in strict rotation. It seemed as though the whole
shivering world
lay at Mr Grundy's feet. Each installation became its own
advertisement. Churches and
Church Halls throughout Great Britain and Ireland clamoured for the new
heating
system, and under the late Mr John Grundy, son of the Founder , the
business grew and
expanded in a very gratifying manner.
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The private houses of
the aristocracy next received attention, and warm
air testimony came from the
nobility, great generals, and more important still, great
scientists.
Professor
Tyndall declared that it was only the Grundy System of Warm
Air Heating that made continued
residence in this country possible for him in the
Winter.
Sir Henry Thompson, another great scientist, was so impressed with the Grundy Warm Air Installation supplied to him that he wrote a special account of it in his well-known book: "Diet in relation to age and activity." in which he pointed out that the Grundy System had the great advantge of circulating fresh warm air continuously, whereas hot-water pipes merely heated stale air. A
very important development in the Grundy business was the launching of
the Iron Foundry at Tyldesley. Henceforth independant supplies and the
highest quality of material and workmanship were assured.
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So important had the
name of Grundy become in the heating world that when the Institution of
Heating and Ventilating Engineers was inaugurated in 1898, it was
considered essential that Mr John Grundy should consent to become its
first president. The same office was filled in 1915 by the late Mr
Herbert Grundy, the grandson of the founder.
Since the
commencement of the business, thousands of Churches and other buildings
have been heated, and the progress still continues. The principle of
the Grundy Warm Air System is the same now as when the first Grundy's
applied it so successfully, but all that modern engineering skill and
science can do to increase its scope and efficiency, has been
incorporated.
As with all valuable
inventions success has led to imitation. America has copied Grundy, so
has the Continent, but the British firm still holds pride of place by
reason of the wonderfully effective design and durability of its
products.
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|
The principle of
heating by warm air is simplicity itself, particularly in Churches and
similar buildings where it can be accomplished by gravity only. In the
small number of cases where gravity cannot be relied upon, the
introduction of a fan is all that is necessary. Heating by warm air is
so simple that many people cannot credit it and are apt to question
uniform distribution.
In operation, air
when heated becomes lighter than the surrounding atmosphere. It
immediately rises at a high velocity in a perpendicular direction,
until it reaches the highest point in any building. It then spreads in
a horizontal direction, and descends at a very low velocity.
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During the process
the leading stream of air gives up some of its heat and becomes cooler
and heavier. The incoming stream of warm and light air, being
continuous, gradually displaces the cooler and heavier air,
causing it to descend at a very low velocity, evenly throughout the
building. Cold down draughts are thereby eliminated. The air descending
at a very low velocity in addition to giving an even temperature
throughout, at equal altitudes, ventilates the building - the slowly
moving air being essential for good ventilation.
It is usual with the
Grundy apparatus to arrange the control so that the attendant is able
to circulate the air in the building by passing it over the Heater, or
he can pass over the Heater new fresh air from the atmosphere only,
thereby getting perfect ventilation when the building is in actual use.
When it is found
necessary to instal a fan, this is only to ensure that a stream of warm
air enters each apartment in the building after which the operation is
exactly as described above.
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